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Duck with pomegranateDuck with pomegranate

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Duck with pomegranateWe continue our journey through the city of Istanbul with Somer Sivrioglu from Sydney’s Efendy Restaurant. Somer tells us how to find the best food in the city, and speaks about the local fish industry, as well as sharing tips on how to cook fresh fish. Here he gives us a recipe for duck breast covered with a sour pomegranate sauce.

Summer pasta saladSummer pasta salad

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Summer pasta saladWhile it looks like rice, orzo, risoni or "kritharaki" in Greek, (meaning little barley) is a form of pasta in the shape of large grains of rice. Here Greek cook and author Maria Benardis shares a fresh and easy summer salad using kritharaki.

Pasta has its origins in Asia and then it spread to Europe including Greece. Greece has many pasta based dishes and risoni is one of the many varieties widely used in Greece.

In Greek cookery it is often added to soups, baked dishes cooked in a “youvetsi” (clay pot), or braised dishes.

Traditionally you will not see kritharaki in salads; however this is how I enjoy this pasta in the summer months.

I sometimes use kritharaki instead of rice in my “gemista” (stuffed vegetables).

BouillabaisseBouillabaisse

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BouillabaisseBergerac restaurant is an authentic French restaurant in Melbourne’s CBD, operating under the same chef and owner since 1985.

Chef Jean-François Enconniere was born in Bergerac, a charming provincial town in south-east France, 90km east of Bordeaux. In this audio segment he relates to us his story, his passion with food, and shares with us the secret of one of his specialties.

Masticha bread (psomi me masticha)Masticha bread (psomi me masticha)

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Masticha bread (psomi me masticha)Bread making was passed on to Greece from the Egyptians and then the Greeks taught the Romans how to make bread. The Ancient Greeks considered bread making an early mark of civilisation that lifted them above other people. The Romans were unfamiliar with bread until they met the Greeks. They favoured gruel (porridge). The Romans grew to love Greek bread so highly that almost all the bakers in the entire Roman Empire were Greeks. Author and chef Maria Benardis of Greekalicious shows us how to prepare this traditional bread.

Mastic (mastic the root of the verb to masticate) or “masticha” in Greek, produces an almost clear crystal edible substance. It is a type of gum that grows in one place in the world and that is the island of Chios. It is also used in the church for blessing. It is believed that the tears began to cry in sympathy when Romans tortured a Christian martyr and left him to die in a mastic grove. Herodotus however had noted their behaviour in 5th century BC, more than 7,000 centuries earlier.

Masticha is one of my favourite and treasured ingredients. I use it in most of my dishes because of its healing and therapeutic properties. I have garnished my bread with poppy seeds as the Ancient Greeks used to do.

Ali Nazik kebabAli Nazik kebab

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Ali Nazik kebabWhen you say “kebab” most Australians think of a doner kebab, shaved meat wrapped in flat bread with additions of salad and sauce. Here we discover what a traditional Turkish kebab is, originating from the Gaziantep region: chunks of meltingly sweet lamb mixed with pistachio nuts, cooked on a charcoal BBQ and served with a smoked eggplant and garlic yoghurt sauce, as explained by Efendy Restaurant chef Somer Sivrioglu.

Vegetable fritters (ukoy)

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Oliver Cardona from Sydney’s Sizzling Fillo Restaurant serves up modern Filipino food every day, guided by his passion for Filipino cuisine. Here he talks to Yasmin Newman about how to make a favourite Filipino snack of vegetable fritters called ukoy.

Dutch pea soup (snert)Dutch pea soup (snert)

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Dutch pea soup (snert)This thick pea soup with smoked sausage is best made a day ahead, so that the flavours intensify. Soak the peas overnight, changing the water about every 4 hours.

Open rye sandwiches (smorrebrod)Open rye sandwiches (smorrebrod)

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Open rye sandwiches (smorrebrod)To make egg sandwich, mash eggs with chopped butter and 1 tbsp mayonnaise, and season with salt and pepper. Spread 4 slices of pumpernickel with the remaining 2 tbsp mayonnaise. Top each with egg salad and dill, and season with pepper.

To make rollmop sandwich, butter 4 slices of pumpernickel, top each with half a rollmop, season with pepper and top with parsley.

To make gravad lax sandwich, spread the remaining 4 slices of pumpernickel with sour cream. Top each with a slice of gravad lax, squeeze over lemon, season and top with red onion. Serve sandwiches on a platter.

* Pumpernickel bread, from delis and selected supermarkets, is a type of rye bread.

* Rollmops, from selected supermarkets and delis, is a pickled herring that is rolled up, often around sliced onion.

* Gravad lax (also known as gravalax, and gravad laks in Danish), is Scandinavian dill-cured salmon. It is from selected delis and Ikea.

DRINK Aalborg Taffel Akvavit, Denmark ($40, 700ml)

Photography by Brett Stevens.

Meat-filled pastries (burek)Meat-filled pastries (burek)

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Meat-filled pastries (burek)In Bosnia, pita is the broad term for this pastry which is made with sweet and savoury fillings. Burek is the meat version, but it is also sometimes filled with soft white cheese.

Lamb pilaf (plov)Lamb pilaf (plov)

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Lamb pilaf (plov)Host nation Azerbaijan is sure to introduce lots of visitors to their national dish of saffron rice topped with meltingly tender lamb.

Poppy seed sweet bread (potica)Poppy seed sweet bread (potica)

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Poppy seed sweet bread (potica)For best results, it is important that the kitchen space and all the ingredients are warm when preparing the dough.

Queen of puddingsQueen of puddings

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Queen of puddingsPreheat oven to 160°C. Place milk and butter in a saucepan over medium heat. Cook for 6 minutes or until butter melts. Combine breadcrumbs, 60g sugar and lemon zest in a bowl. Pour over milk mixture and stand for 30 minutes. Stir in egg yolks until combined. Pour into a greased shallow 2L baking dish and bake for 30 minutes or until just firm to touch. Spoon over jam and spread to cover.

Increase oven to 190°C. Whisk egg whites to soft peaks. Gradually whisk in remaining 200g sugar until thick and glossy. Spoon over pudding. Bake for a further 10 minutes or until light golden. Dust with icing sugar.

* Panko breadcrumbs are available from selected supermarkets and Asian food shops.

DRINK Old Speckled Hen ale ($23, six-pack)

Photography by Brett Stevens.

Garlic soup (sopa de ajo)Garlic soup (sopa de ajo)

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Garlic soup (sopa de ajo)“My family would travel by car from Zaragoza to Madrid for Christmas. On the way, we would stop in Medinaceli to eat a bowl of this garlic soup. Temperatures drop at that time of year, so a hot bowl of soup was welcome,” says Pablo. You will need 6 x 10cm deep ramekins.

Fish plaki (psari plaki)Fish plaki (psari plaki)

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Fish plaki (psari plaki)The word plaki comes from the word plak, which means “flat”. Plak was the name of the Ancient Greek griddle stone that worked like a flat oven for food to be cooked on. From this we derive the English words “plate” and “platter”, as well as other words which all still mean “flat”.

When we made this dish on the island of Psara, the island that I grew up on, we would use red mullet (barbounia) for this dish. My grandmother would always serve me the head.

Every time I cook this dish my thoughts wander back to my childhood and the day I took a coffin (those days it was planks of wood nailed together) out to sea to catch a fresh barbounia for my grandmother, thinking it was a boat. I still feel very connected to Psara; its hills, the sea, the food, the festivals and the people.

Mussels saganakiMussels saganaki

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Mussels saganakiYou cannot think of Greece and not have images of seafood and shots of ouzo by the seaside. Mainland Greece and its islands are fortunate to be surrounded by sea and an abundance of wonderful seafood. This includes mussels.

Saganaki (literary meaning frying pan) is a Greek word that also describes the cooking process whereby various dishes are fried in a frying pan and then flambéed with a spirit, such as ouzo or tsipouro.

A popular saganaki mezze is saganaki cheese, where normally kefalograviera, kasseri, kefalotiri, haloumi, or fetta cheese is used. In Greek cookery we cook other ingredients this way, including seafood.

This is a wonderful mezze dish that I serve with ouzo and some crusty bread.

Substitute tinned tomatoes for fresh ones in the summer when they are in season.

Rice with saffron and pomegranateRice with saffron and pomegranate

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Rice with saffron and pomegranateThe word rice derives from the Greek word ὄρυζα (oruza). Rice originated in Asia and migrated across the continents. It is said that it was brought to Greece about 300 BC by the armies of Alexander the Great.

One of the best grades of saffron crocus comes from Kozani in Greece. The fields come alive in October when they are filled with the wonderful purple flowers.

The word "crocus" has its origins in Greek mythology. Crocus was a friend of the Greek god Hermes. One day they were both throwing a disc to each other when Hermes hit Crocus on the head and wounded him. He collapsed and died. Three drops from his blood fell on the centre of a flower, thus becoming the three stigmata (a Greek word) of the flower. The flower was named after him.

This rice dish is a specialty of Kozani and is usually served with Greek-style yoghurt on the side.

Roast potatoesRoast potatoes

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Roast potatoesHeston: "This recipe makes roast potatoes just the way I like them – with a crisp, glass-like crust and a fluffy interior. The key is to cut the potatoes so they have lots of sharp edges then to cook them until they are almost falling apart. Don’t scrimp on the amount of oil added to the pan – it is the fat gathering in the cracks that make the potatoes so crispy. Olive oil works really well or you can use goose fat or beef dripping but they will give a different flavour.

"The garlic and rosemary are optional. You can either add them to the water when boiling the potatoes or to the roasting tray 5 minutes before the end of the cooking time."

Perfect mashPerfect mash

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Perfect mashHeston: "The technique here, i.e. cooking waxy potatoes at a very specific temperature, is designed to hold on to the starch in the potatoes and prevent it from leaking out and turning the potato gluey. The end product is the creamiest smoothest pommes purées ever. If you want to be extra decadent, go 50:50 potato to butter. Adding lime jelly cubes for a fresh burst of flavour is optional."

Exploding potato donutsExploding potato donuts

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Exploding potato donutsHeston: "Donuts are normally made with flour but substituting some of the flour with potato flesh gives a lighter, springier donut which can then be coated in crystallised potato and dipped in potato milk jam. . . . all this from the humble spud! The coloured, exploding coating is really for the kids but I love it too!"

Triple cooked chipsTriple cooked chips

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Triple cooked chipsHeston: "These chips are one of my proudest legacies! You see them on menus up and down the country now but the original recipe came out of endless experimenting at home long before I even opened the Fat Duck. The first secret is cooking the chips until they are almost falling apart as the cracks are what makes them so crispy. The second secret is allowing the chips to steam dry then sit in the freezer for an hour to get rid of as much moisture as possible. The final secret is to cook the chips in very hot oil for a crispy, glass-like crust."
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